Baked Artichokes with Fennel

Using a sharp knife, trim the artichoke stems to 1 inch and cut off 1 inch from the tops. Using kitchen shears, trim 1/2 inch from the leaves. Halve the artichokes lengthwise and, using a melon baller or spoon, scoop out the small spiky leaves and hairy chokes; leave a few layers of leaves. Rub the cut parts of the artichokes with the halved lemon and set them, cut side down, in a large steamer basket. Steam the artichokes over boiling water until the hearts are tender, about 10 minutes.

In a large deep skillet, heat 1/4 cup of the oil until shimmering.

Add the fennel and onion and cook over moderately high heat, stirring, until translucent, about 5 minutes.

Add the garlic and thyme, season with salt and pepper and cook until the vegetables are just beginning to brown, about 4 minutes longer.

Remove from the heat and let cool slightly, then stir in the chopped parsley.

Preheat the oven to 37

Toss the bread crumbs with 1 tablespoon of the oil and spread them on a baking sheet. Toast for about 3 minutes, or until golden.

Transfer the crumbs to a plate. Raise the oven temperature to 45

Heat 1 tablespoon of the oil in a very large skillet. Pat the artichokes dry and add them to the skillet, cut side down. Cook over moderate heat until deep golden, about 4 minutes. Arrange the artichokes, cut side up, in a large baking dish and fill them with the fennel mixture.

Sprinkle with the toasted bread crumbs and bake for about 15 minutes, or until heated through.

Arrange 2 artichoke halves on each of 4 plates. In a bowl, toss the parsley leaves with the remaining 1 tablespoon of oil and the 1/2 teaspoon lemon juice and season with salt and pepper. Top the artichokes with the parsley and serve.